【法规分类】：海事 【分类号】：Y8113199004 【时效性】：有效 【颁布单位】：巴黎 【颁布日期】：1990-06-29 【实施日期】：1990-06-29
简介
本规则于１９９０年６月２４日至２９日国际海事委员会在巴黎召开的第３４届大会上通过。本规则系民间规则，供当事人自愿采纳。全文
１．适用范围本规则经当事方同意援用后适用。
２．定义ａ．“运输合同”：指任何全部或部分经由海上运输货物的协议。ｂ．“ＥＤＩ”：指电子数据交换，即通过电讯传输进行贸易数据交换。ｃ．“ＵＮ／ＥＤＩＦＡＣＴ”：指联合国行政、商业、运输电子数据交换规则。ｄ．“传输”：指一个或一个以上的文电通过电子传输作为一个发送单元共同向外传递，其中包括标题和结尾数据。ｅ．“确认”：指一次传输，其传输内容看上去完整、正确、但并不妨碍由该内容所引起的重新考虑和修改。ｆ．“密码”：指经当事方同意为确保传输的真实性和完整性而采用的任何技术上适当的方式，如一组数码和／或字母。ｇ．“持有人”：指享有根据本规则第７条ａ款所列权利并拥有有效密码的一方。ｈ．“电子监督系统”：指用于检查计算机系统中所记载的交易手段，如贸易数据日志或跟踪审核。ｉ．“电子储藏”：指电子数据的临时、中期或永久性储藏，包括此数据的替代或原始储藏。
３．程序规则ａ．在不与本规则冲突的情况下，１９８７年“电讯传输贸易数据交换行为统一规则”将指导本规则当事方的行为。ｂ．本规则项下的电子数据交换应符合联合国行政、商业、运输电子数据交换规则的有关标准。但是，当事方可使用为所有用户接受的任何其他商业数据交换方法。ｃ．除另有协议外，运输合同的文件格式应符合联合国编排图例表，或与此相仿的国内提单标准。ｄ．除另有协议外，一项传输的接收人除非在其接收后发回确认，否则无权根据该传输内容行事。ｅ．因当事方之间发生由于实际传送数据所引起的争议时，可利用电子监督系统证实接收的数据。有关争议数据以外的、涉及其它交易的数据应视为贸易机密不予提供检查。由于作为电子监督系统检查的一部分而不可避免地暴露非争议数据，当事方应信守机密，并不向外界披露或挪作它用。ｆ．任何货物所有权的转让都应视为私有情报，不应向与该货物运输或结关无关的任何其它方披露。
４．收讯的形式和内容ａ．承运人在接收到托运人提供的货物之后应按照托运人说明的电子地址给予托运人一接收到货物的电讯通知。ｂ．该收讫电讯应包括：
ｉ．托运人姓名；
ｉｉ．货物说明，包括描述和保留，如同为签发一个书面提单所需求的一样；
ｉｉｉ．接收货物的地点和日期；
ｉｖ．援引承运人的运输条款；和
ｖ．用于日后传输的密码。托运人必须向承运人确认收讫电讯，根据该确认电讯，托运人便成为持有人。ｃ．根据持有人的要求，一旦货物实际装船，收讫电讯的地点和日期应及时更新。ｄ．上述ｂ款（ｉｉ）、（ｉｉｉ）和（ｖ）中所含信息，以及根据本规则ｃ款所更新的装运地和日期应如同该收讫电讯系书面提单的一部分一样具有效力。
５．运输合同条款ａ．业经同意和谅解，无论何时当承运人援引其运输条款时，该运输条款将成为运输合同的一部分。ｂ．该条款必须能够向运输合同方随时提供。ｃ．当该条款与本规则发生冲突或不一致时，适用本规则。
６．适用法律运输合同应受任何强制性的国际公约或国内法的制约，如同已签发书面提单一样。
７．支配和转让权ａ．持有人是唯一可以向承运人采取下列行动的一方：
ｉ．要求放货；
ｉｉ．指定收货人或指定任何其它替换被指定的收货人，包括持有人自己；
ｉｉｉ．向另一方转让支配和转让权；
ｉｖ．根据运输合同条款，对货物的其它事项向承运人发出指示，如同一个书面提单持有人一样。ｂ．支配和转让权的转让按下列程序进行：
ｉ．由现持有人向承运人发出其意欲将支配和转让权转让给一新的持有人的通知；
ｉｉ．由承运人确认该通知电讯，并据此
ｉｉｉ．向被建议的新持有人发送本规则第４条除密码以外的所有信息；之后
ｉｖ．由被建议的新持有人通知承运人接受拟被转让的支配和转让权；据此
ｖ．承运人销毁现用密码，并向新持有人发出一新的密码。ｃ．如果被建议的新持有人通知承运人其不欲接受该支配和转让权，或在一合理时间内未能通知承运人其是否接受，那么将不出现支配和转让权的转让。据此承运人应通知现持有人，同时现密码仍保持有效性。ｄ．按上述方法进行的支配和转让权的转让应如同在书面提单项下转让权利一样具有效力。
８．密码ａ．密码对各个持有人各不相同。持有人不得转让密码。承运人和持有人应各自保持密码的安全性。ｂ．承运人只负责向最后一个他给予密码的持有人发送确认的电子信息，该持有人亦利用此密码保证包括该项电子信息的传输内容。ｃ．密码必须独立，并与任何用于鉴别运输合同的方法，和任何用于进入计算机网络的保密口令或识别相区别。
９．交货ａ．承运人应将拟交货的地点和日期通知持有人。根据该项通知，持有人有义务指定一收货人，并给予承运人充分的交货指示，并利用密码加以核实。如无人被指定为收货人，持有人本人将被视为收货人。ｂ．如果承运人证明自己已合理克尽职责核实自称为收货人的一方确系实事上的收货人，那么承运人对误交不负责任。
１０．要求书面单证的选择ａ．在交货前的任何时候，持有人有向承运人索要书面提单的选择。此份文件须在持有人指定的地点得以提供，除非在该地点承运人没有提供这份文件的便利条件，在这种情况下承运人只负责在离持有人指定地点最近的，并有其便利条件的地点提供此份文件，由于持有人采用上述选择而造成延迟交货，承运人不负责任。ｂ．在交货前任何时候，承运人有向持有人签发书面提单的选择，除非采用上述选择会造成过分延迟交货或扰乱交货。ｃ．根据本规则第１０条ａ或ｂ款签发的提单应包括（ｉ）本规则第４条收讫电讯中（除密码外）列明的事项；和（ｉｉ）声明书面提单业已签发，国际海事委员会电子提单规则项下的电子数据交换程序也已终止。上述提单的签发应根据持有人的选择，或载明凭提单上指名的持有人指示，或载明交于持单人。ｄ．根据本规则第１０条ａ或ｂ款签发的书面提单将销毁密码，并终止本规则上电子数据交换程序。持有人或承运人对该程序的终止并不解除运输合同任何一方根据本规则产生的权利、义务或责任，也不解除合同任何一方根据运输合同产生的权利，义务或责任。ｅ．持有人可在任何时候要求承运人按本规则第４条要求发送一份打印的收讫讯件（除密码外），并加盖“不可转让复件”字样，发送该打印件并不销毁密码，亦不终止电子数据交换程序。
１１．电子数据与书写效力等同承运人和发货人以及此后所有采用本程序的当事方均同意载于计算机数据贮藏中的、可用人类语言在屏幕上显示或由计算机打印的业经传输和确认的电子数据将满足任何国内法或地方法、习惯或实践规定运输合同必须经签署并以书面形式加以证明的要求。经采纳上述规定，所有当事方将被认为业已同意不再提出合同非书面形式的抗辩。
【名称】CMI RULES FOR ELECTRONIC BILLS OF LADING, 1990
【题注】Whole document
1. Scope of Application
These rules shall apply whenever the parties so agree.2. Definitions
a. "Contract of Carriage" means any agreement to carry goods wholly or
partly by sea.
b. "EDI" means Electronic Data Interchange, i. e. the interchange of
trade date effected by teletransmission.
c. "UN/EDIFACT" means the United Nations Rules for Electronic Data
Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport.
d. "Transmission" means one or more messages electronically sent
together as one unit of dispatch which includes heading and terminating
data.
e. "Confirmation" means a Transmission which advises that the content
of a Transmission appears to be complete and correct, without prejudice to
any subsequent consideration or action that the content may warrant.
f. "Private Key" means any technically appropriate form, such as a
combination of numbers and/or letters, which the parties may agree for
securing the authenticity and integrity of a Transmission.
g. "Holder" means the party who is entitled to the rights described in
Article 7(a) by virtue of its possession of a valid Private Key.
h. "Electronic Monitoring System" means the device by which a computer
system can be examined for the transactions that it recorded, such as a
Trade Data Log or an Audit Trail.
i. "Electronic Storage" means any temporary, intermediate or permanent
storage of electronic data including the primary and the back-up storage
of such data.3. Rules of Procedure
a. When not in conflict with these Rules, the Uniform Rules of Conduct
for Interchange of Trade Data by Teletransmission, 1987 (UNCID) shall
govern the conduct between the parties.
b. The EDI under these Rules should conform with the relevant
UN/EDIFACT standards. However, the parties may use any other method of
trade data interchange acceptable to all of the users.
c. Unless otherwise agreed, the document format for the Contract of
Carriage shall conform to the UN Layout Key or compatible national
standard for Bills of Lading.
d. Unless otherwise agreed, a recipient of a Transmission is not
authorised to act on a Transmission unless he has sent a Confirmation.
e. In the event of a dispute arising between the parties as to the
data actually transmitted, an Electronic Monitoring System may be used to
verify the data received. Data concerning other transactions not related
to the data in dispute are to be considered as trade secrets and thus not
available for examination. If such data are unavoidably revealed as part
of the examination of the Electronic Monitoring System, they must be
treated as confidential and not released to any outside party or used for
any other purpose.
f. Any transfer of rights to the goods shall be considered to be
private information, and shall not be released to any outside party not
connected to the transport or clearance of the goods.4. Form and Content of the Receipt Message
a. The carrier, upon receiving the goods from the shipper, shall give
notice of the receipt of the goods to the shipper by a message at the
electronic address specified by the shipper.
b. This receipt message shall include:
i. the name of the shipper;
ii. the description of the goods, with any representations and
reservations, in the same tenor as would be required if a paper Bill of
Lading were issued;
iii. the date and place of the receipt of the goods;
iv. a reference to the carrier's terms and conditions of carriage;
and
v. the Private Key to be used in subsequent Transmissions.
The shipper must confirm this receipt message to the carrier, upon
which Confirmation the shipper shall be the Holder.
c. Upon demand of the Holder, the receipt message shall be updated
with the date and place of shipment as soon as the goods have been loaded
on board.
d. The information contained in (ii), (iii) and (iv) of paragraph (b)
above, including the date and place of shipment if updated in accordance
with paragraph (c) of this Rule, shall have the same force and effect as
if the receipt message were contained in a paper Bill of Lading.5. Terms and Conditions of the Contract of Carriage
a. It is agreed and understood that whenever the carrier makes a
reference to its terms and conditions of carriage, these terms and
conditions shall form part of the Contract of Carriage.
b. Such terms and conditions must be readily available to the parties
to the Contract of Carriage.
c. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between such terms
and conditions and these Rules, these Rules shall prevail.6. Applicable Law
The Contract of Carriage shall be subject to any international
convention or national law which would have been compulsorily applicable
if a paper Bill of Lading had been issued.7. Right of Control and Transfer
a. The Holder is the only party who may, as against the carrier:
(1) claim delivery of the goods;
(2) nominate the consignee or substitute a nominated consignee for
any other party, including itself;
(3) transfer the Right of Control and Transfer to another party;
(4) instruct the carrier on any other subject concerning the
goods, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Contract of
Carriage, as if he were the holder of a paper Bill of Lading.
b. A transfer of the Right of Control and Transfer shall be effected:
(i) by notification of the current Holder to the carrier of its intention
to transfer its Right of Control and Transfer to a proposed new Holder,
and (ii) Confirmation by the carrier of such notification message,
whereupon (iii) the carrier shall transmit the information as referred to
in Article 4 (except for the Private Key) to the proposed new Holder,
whereafter (iv) the proposed new Holder shall advise the carrier of its
acceptance of the Right of Control and Transfer, whereupon (v) the carrier
shall cancel the current Private Key and issue a new Private Key to the
new Holder.
c. If the proposed new Holder advises the carrier that it does not
accept the Right of Control and Transfer or fails to advise the carrier of
such acceptance within a reasonable time, the proposed transfer of the
Right of Control and Transfer shall not take place. The carrier shall
notify the current Holder accordingly and the current Private Key shall
retain its validity.
d. The transfer of the Right of Control and Transfer in the manner
described above shall have the same effect as the transfer of such rights
under a paper Bill of Lading.8. The Private Key
a. The Private Key is unique to each successive Holder. It is not
transferable by the Holder. The carrier and the Holder shall each maintain
the security of the Private Key.
b. The carrier shall only be obliged to send a Confirmation of an
electronic message to the last Holder to whom it issued a Private Key,
when such Holder secures the Transmission containing such electronic
message by the use of the Private Key.
c. The Private Key must be separate and distinct from any means used
to identify the Contract of Carriage, and any security password or
identification used to access the computer network.9. Delivery
a. The carrier shall notify the Holder of the place and date of
intended delivery of the goods. Upon such notification the Holder has a
duty to nominate a consignee and to give adequate delivery instructions to
the carrier with verification by the Private Key. In the absence of such
nomination, the Holder will be deemed to be the consignee.
b. The carrier shall deliver the goods to the consignee upon
production of proper identification in accordance with the delivery
instructions specified in paragraph (a) above; such delivery shall
automatically cancel the Private Key.
c. The carrier shall be under no liability for misdelivery if it can
prove that it exercised reasonable care to ascertain that the party who
claimed to be the consignee was in fact that party.10. Option to Receive a paper Document
a. The Holder has the option at any time prior to delivery of the
goods to demand from the carrier a paper Bill of Lading. Such document
shall be made available at a location to be determined by the Holder,
provided that no carrier shall be obliged to make such document available
at a place where it has no facilities and in such instance the carrier
shall only be obliged to make the document available at the facility
nearest to the location determined by the Holder. The carrier shall not be
responsible for delays in delivering the goods resulting from the Holder
exercising the above option.
b. The carrier has the option at any time prior to delivery of the
goods to issue to the Holder a paper Bill of Lading unless the exercise of
such option could result in undue delay or disrupts the delivery of the
goods.
c. A Bill of Lading issued under Rules 10(a) or (b) shall include: (i)
the information set out in the receipt message referred to in Rule 4
(except for the Private Key); and (ii) a statement to the effect that the
Bill of Lading has been issued upon termination of the procedures for EDI
under the CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading. The aforementioned
Bill of Lading shall be issued at the option of the Holder either to the
order of the Holder whose name for this purpose shall then be inserted in
the Bill of Lading or to bearer.
d. The issuance of a paper Bill of Lading under Rule 10 (a) or (b)
shall cancel the Private Key and terminate the procedures for EDI under
these Rules. Termination of these procedures by the Holder or the carrier
will not relieve any of the parties to the Contract of Carriage of their
rights, obligations or liabilities while performing under the present
Rules nor of their rights, obligations or liabilities under the Contract
of Carriage.
e. The Holder may demand at any time the issuance of a print-out of
the receipt message referred to in Rule 4 (except for the Private Key)
marked as "non-negotiable copy". The issuance of such a print-out shall
not cancel the Private Key nor terminate the procedures for EDI.11. Electronic Data is Equivalent to Writing
The carrier and the shipper and all subsequent parties utilizing these
procedures agree that any national or local law, custom or practice
requiring the Contract of Carriage to be evidenced in writing and signed,
is satisfied by the transmitted and confirmed electronic data residing on
computer data storage media displayable in human language on a video
screen or as printed out by a computer. In agreeing to adopt these Rules,
the parties shall be taken to have agreed not to raise the defence that
this contract is not in writing.
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